Psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud and his followers, is a framework for understanding the underlying psychological factors that drive human behavior. This theory has been applied in many different fields, including criminology, as a way to understand and explain criminal behavior.
According to psychoanalytic theory, the human psyche is made up of three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the unconscious part of the psyche that is driven by primal desires and impulses, such as hunger, sex, and aggression. The ego is the part of the psyche that is responsible for mediating between the id and the outside world, and it helps to regulate the expression of the id's impulses in a socially acceptable way. The superego is the part of the psyche that represents the internalization of societal norms and values, and it serves to suppress the impulses of the id.
In the context of criminal behavior, psychoanalytic theory suggests that individuals who engage in criminal behavior may do so as a result of conflicts between these different parts of the psyche. For example, an individual who has a strong id may be driven by aggressive or sexual impulses that are in conflict with the superego's internalization of societal norms and values. As a result, this individual may engage in criminal behavior as a way to satisfy these primal desires.
Another important aspect of psychoanalytic theory is the concept of the defense mechanism. Defense mechanisms are unconscious processes that the ego uses to protect the individual from anxiety or stress, and they can take many different forms. For example, an individual who engages in criminal behavior may use denial as a defense mechanism to avoid acknowledging the consequences of their actions. Alternatively, they may use projection, a defense mechanism that involves attributing one's own undesirable thoughts or feelings onto someone else.
One criticism of psychoanalytic theory is that it is difficult to test and verify. Since much of the theory is based on unconscious processes, it can be difficult to observe and measure these processes directly. Additionally, the theory is based on the assumption that unconscious processes play a significant role in human behavior, which is not necessarily accepted by all researchers in the field.
Overall, psychoanalytic theory offers a framework for understanding the underlying psychological factors that may contribute to criminal behavior. While the theory has its limitations, it provides a useful perspective for understanding the complex psychological dynamics at play in criminal behavior.
(PDF) Psychoanalysis and crime
Patients who are unable to express their emotions due to a lack of communication, and who have difficulty accessing those emotions, benefit greatly from this tool. Psychological Explanations of Crime: Eysenck's Personality Types Hans Eysenck 1964, 1970 examined personality types that could lead to certain behaviours, including criminal behaviour, and initially identified two third dimension in his later work: For example, people with a high level of extraversion need more stimulation from the environment because they are less naturally aroused, which means they are more likely to engage in criminal behaviour to get aroused. In addition Bowlby 1947 and Ainsworth 1969 also explored the idea that early childhood experiences can affect adult behavior and delinquency perspective. In the psychiatric sphere, under the impetus of a mental hygiene movement there was a shift from institutional to outpatient care, with the treatment of milder and borderline cases. This means that Id is the source of psychic energy, which is a force that is behind all mental processes. This research also shows how the use of the death of parents can be a cause of crime and anti-social and criminal.
Criminology: Intellectual History
It is a outstanding work of literature which provides a interesting look at the world in a Marxist type society. According to psychoanalytic theory, the causes of youth crime are unresolved instincts and impulses in the human psyche. General paralysis of the insane Patients of this abnormality commit offences with astonishing openness and silliness ; Traumatic psychosis Patients of this abnormality commit crimes of violence ; Encephalitis Lethargic Patients of this abnormality commit crimes of explosive and sexual nature ; Senile Dementia patients of this abnormality are of old age and commit varying crimes ; Epilepsy Patients of such abnormality commit crimes of sudden violence. However, for centuries, people have been searching for answers Jacoby, 2004. The theory suggests that there are three parts to the human psyche: the id, the ego, and the superego. Behaviourist Approach To Crime By rewarding or punishing behavior, this is a method of conditioning that teaches and builds on it. An investment in mental energy is called a cognitive investment.
Psychological Theories of Crime (Criminology Theories) IResearchNet
Therefore, the theory of Freud believes that crime is the result of personality defects that have been affected by disruption and lack of progression in stages of development has occurred in childhood. The interaction above is an example of Biological and Psychological Theories of Crime Biological and psychological theories of crime differ in their explanations for offending behaviour. Subsequent studies have indicated that parental permissiveness was a cause of juvenile delinquency and aggression. However, one should not assume this there is only one reason why a person commits crime. Thus, in any discussion concerning crime causation, one must contemplate psychological theories. He progresses the story through the changing of his main character mental state. According to the cognitive theory, criminals with this issue are unable to control their emotions, feelings, behaviors, and ability to not process information like the rest of us.
The Psychoanalytic Explanation Of Criminal Behaviour
Individualistic Approach: It focuses its attention on the biological, mental and other characteristics of the offender to explain the cause of his delinquent behaviour. Biological Approach: It proposes that human beings commit crime because of internal factors over which they have little or no control. As the extent to which we can be driven by unconscious factors decreases, we assume more agency in our lives. Although like all forms of literary criticism, psychoanalytic criticism can yield useful clues to the sometime baffling symbols, actions, and settings in a literary work; however, like all forms of literary criticism, it has its limits. Feelings, thoughts, perceptions and skills all combine to aid in creating our mental Are Criminals Born Or Made? Childhood memories and experiences that are repressed are what shape behavior. Her friend offers to help her take the drug, and shows her how to get the drug.
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