Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a type of breast cancer that starts in the cells lining the milk ducts of the breast and eventually spreads beyond the ducts. The pathophysiology of IDC involves the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of abnormal cells in the breast tissue.
The process of IDC development begins with mutations in the DNA of breast cells. These mutations can occur spontaneously or be inherited. They can also be caused by environmental factors such as radiation exposure, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use.
The mutated cells begin to grow and divide rapidly, leading to the formation of a tumor. At this point, the cancer is still confined to the ducts and is considered non-invasive. However, as the tumor grows, it can eventually break through the walls of the ducts and invade the surrounding breast tissue. This is when the cancer is considered invasive and has the potential to spread to other parts of the body.
As the cancer cells continue to grow and multiply, they can also form new blood vessels to feed the tumor, a process known as angiogenesis. This allows the cancer cells to receive the nutrients and oxygen they need to survive and continue to grow.
The cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the bloodstream. When the cancer cells reach other organs, they can establish secondary tumors, a process known as metastasis.
Treatment for IDC typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The specific treatment plan depends on the stage of the cancer and the overall health of the patient.
In conclusion, IDC is a type of breast cancer that starts in the milk ducts and eventually spreads beyond them. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells and the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
