In his poem "Exposure," Wilfred Owen depicts the devastating effects of war on soldiers' mental and physical well-being. Through vivid imagery and poignant diction, Owen portrays the soldiers as victims of their circumstances, trapped in the trenches and subjected to the brutalities of war.
The poem begins with a description of the soldiers huddled in the trenches, "stiffened in their wardrobes" as they try to find some relief from the biting cold. The metaphor of the soldiers as "wardrobes" conveys the idea that they have become inanimate objects, stripped of their humanity and reduced to mere objects to be used and discarded by their superiors. This theme of dehumanization is further reinforced by the use of the verb "stiffened," which suggests that the soldiers have become stiff and unyielding, their bodies and minds numb to the horrors they face.
The second stanza describes the soldiers' experiences on the battlefield, where they are subjected to the constant threat of death and injury. The imagery of "death-dealing despair" and "the whining bullets" suggests the relentless violence and danger that the soldiers face on a daily basis. The use of the verb "whining" also adds to the sense of despair and hopelessness, as it suggests that the soldiers are powerless to stop the bullets from killing them.
In the third stanza, Owen shifts his focus to the physical and mental toll that war takes on the soldiers. He describes their faces as "caked with fears" and their eyes as "staring from hollow sockets," suggesting that the constant exposure to violence and danger has left them exhausted and traumatized. The metaphor of the "hollow sockets" also suggests that the soldiers have lost the spark of life and vitality that once animated them, further emphasizing the devastating effects of war on their well-being.
The final stanza of the poem brings the theme of dehumanization full circle, as Owen describes the soldiers as "frosted mounds" that "all day the guns have pounded." The metaphor of the soldiers as "frosted mounds" suggests that they have been reduced to nothing more than lifeless objects, discarded and forgotten by those in power. This is further emphasized by the use of the verb "pounded," which suggests that the soldiers have been subjected to constant abuse and violence.
Overall, "Exposure" is a powerful and poignant depiction of the devastating effects of war on soldiers' mental and physical well-being. Through vivid imagery and poignant diction, Owen portrays the soldiers as victims of their circumstances, trapped in the trenches and subjected to the brutalities of war. The poem serves as a powerful reminder of the human cost of conflict and the importance of working towards peace.